12. one point, from Lectures 12--14, involves definitions, examples, maybe a sketch or two.

Wave Vocabulary Define the following ten terms, incorporating an example into each definition, and using a picture if it helps: medium, longitudinal, frequency, period, wavelength, amplitude, constructive interference, standing wave, resonance, refraction. (.1 apiece)

Here is an example using a term I'm not asking you to do. Transverse: The medium oscillates perpendicular to the direction the wave propagates, as in water waves or a stadium wave or light waves. You only need one example. I could have drawn a little picture with this, too.

13. one point, from Lectures 13 and 14, short answer

(a) .3 from Lecture 13, Waves on String. When I varied the tension in the string with the strobe light, what two wave properties changed and what one stayed the same, and why? (.3) By wave property I mean wavespeed, frequency, wavelength.

(b) .3 from Lecture 13, Waves on Larynx. When I inhaled helium and sulfur hexafluoride, what wave property changed, and what stayed the same, and why? (.3)

(c) .4 from Lecture 14, Moving Wave Sources. What are the Doppler effect and a shock wave? Define (.2) and give an example of (.2) each.

14. one point, from Lectures 13 and 14, calculation

(a) .3 from Lecture 13, Hear That Bang! What is the speed of sound in air c_sound? (.1)
How long would it take sound from an explosion on campus to reach a mall about 8.5 kilometers away? (Numbers easy.) (.2)

b) .3 from Lecture 14, See That Bang! What is the speed of light in vacuum c? (.1)
How long would it take light from the explosion to reach the mall? (Numbers not as easy.) (.2)

(c) .4 from Lecture 14, Tune In. Use c=lambda times f to find the wavelength of your favorite FM station. Use c from part (b) (I assume you'll have it right), and be aware that the FM call number is in units of megahertz=10^6 hertz=MH. Thus 100 on the FM dial is 100X10^6 H=10^8 H. (Numbers unlikely to be easy.) If your favorite station isn't in Madison, say where it is. (.4)

15. one point, from Lecture 15, short answer and diagrams

(a) .2 Harmonic Motion. Give two examples of harmonic motion and say how each illustrates at least one property of harmonic motion. That means you'll have to say what each property of harmonic motion is. I want two properties illustrated here, and it could be that both examples illustrate both properties. (.2)

(b) .2 Chaotic Motion. Give two examples of chaotic motion and say how each illustrates at least one property of chaotic motion. That means you'll have to say what each property of chaotic motion is. I think I mentioned five properties in the lecture, but you only need two here. (.2)

(c) .4 Phase Space. Define phase space. (.1)
Draw the phase space diagram for a simple pendulum. Be sure you label your diagram. (.2)
What kind of phase space diagram does chaotic motion have? Don't try to draw it! (.1)

(d) .2 Fractals. Define what is meant by (.1) and draw an illustration of ``fractal dimension.'' (.1)

16. one point, from Lectures 14 and 16, a group question, short answer

(a) .4 What's Light Like? Light is a wave, yet it differs from other waves. Two key experiments on light as a wave were Young's double slit experiment and the Michelson/Morley experiment. Both used interference to show something about waves. Write for me the point made by each experiment. (.2)and how interference was used to make the point. (.2)

(b) .3 How does Light Propagate? Maxwell actually realized that aether, a material medium, wasn't really necessary for light to propagate. Yet just as Newton with action at a distance, Maxwell couldn't see a way around having a medium for a wave, so he stuck his neck out for what turned out to be a wrong guess. What were two properties of Maxwell's aether (.2) and why were they troublesome? (.1)

(c) .3 Null Experiments What is meant by a null result from an experiment? (.1) Why is a null result useful? (.1) How does the Michelson/Morley null result illustrate this? (.1)

17. one point, from Lecture 17, a group question, short answer, not easy

Relativity At Last! State both of Einstein's postulates of special relativity (.1 apiece).
Whose shoulders did Einstein stand on (.1) and how (.1) for the first postulate?
Whose shoulders did he or might he have stood on (.2) and how (.4) for the second postulate? The point here is that the second postulate has two origins, one experimental and one theoretical, and I want you to give both. I don't think it's trivial to say how the second postulate comes out of these, but I want you to give it a try.

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