lecture goals

• Show how quantization affects matter, namely atoms, which is where (quantized) light originates.
• Introduce Niels Bohr, Danish Nobel Prize winner (1922), who realized how atoms are quantized, which meant contradicting much of what he knew from classical physics.
• Introduce "action" as an important variable, especially in quantum mechanics. Action is the product of pairs of "conjugate" or "complementary" variables.
• Understand Planck's constant h as it relates to action and to electron orbits in atoms.
• Learn the rules for quantization in the simplest atom, hydrogen, especially for energy levels. This explains the discrete spectra we saw from hydrogen and other hot gases.