LECTURE 37
parts of homework 3B
questions 35b, 36b, 37b&c, due Friday, December 12
35. one point, from Lectures 36, 37, and 38, a group question, short answers, no pictures necessary
(b) .2 Uncertainty Relations.
What role does the energy-time uncertainty relation play in tunneling (used by Binnig and Rohrer, 1986 Nobel) (.1)? In choosing an element for an atomic clock (used by Ramsay, 1989 Nobel) (.1)?
36. one point, from Lectures 36, 37, and 38, energy and other diagrams associated with Nobel prizes
(b) .2 Laser Energy Processes.
Carefully draw and label the energy diagrams for population inversion (.1) and stimulated emission (.1) in lasers (Townes, Basov, and Prokhorov, 1964 Nobel). You may leave the two diagrams separate or merge them.
37. one point, about a new subject but you can figure it out from earlier material in Unit 3, plus some material from Lectures 35 and 37, a group question, not easy but doable
The 1997 Nobel Prize.
The 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in October to Stephen Chu of Stanford University, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, and William Phillps ofthe National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The award (of about a million dollars) was for cooling atoms to 10s of millionths of a degree (Kelvin) above absolute zero and for trapping atoms with laser light.
(b) .4 Trapping.
Use what you know about the dual nature of light (.2) and about collisions (.2) to say how laser beams can trap atoms.
(c) .2 Atomic Clock.
One application of this work is more precise atomic clocks; in France there is now accurate to a few parts in 10^15. What about this work makes a more accurate atomic clock? (.2)
Please email any questions, comments, or suggestions to Professor Bernice Durand, bdurand@theory3.physics.wisc.edu.
Revised November 30, 1997.
Images and layout © 1997, Shane Hamilton