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LECTURE 8
goals and outline
lecture title
lecture goals
- Learn about the first fundamental force to be analysed, the force of gravity.
- Understand what is meant by a "universal" law of physics.
- See how the formula for the force of gravity depends on mass and distance, and why those dependencies make sense.
- Begin to grasp how weak gravity is, in other words how small Newton's constant G is.
- See the plausibility of a 1/r² (one-over-r-squared) force law, using lines of force.
outline of lecture
1. Newton's Life
2. The Moon's Orbit
3. The Force of Gravity
quotes
I do not know what I may appear to the world; but to myself I seem to have
been only like a boy playing on the seashore, and diverting myself in now
and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary,
whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.
-- Isaac Newton
Rule I. Nature does nothing in vain, and more is in vain when less will serve.
Rule II. Therefore to the same effects we must, as far as possible, assign
the same causes: as to respiration in man and in a beast; the descent of
stones in Europe and in America.
Rule III. Those properties of bodies that are both unchanging and common to
all bodies within reach of our experiments are to be considered the
universal properties of all bodies whatsoever.
Rule IV. ...Those
hypotheses or generalizations which have been formulated in the light of
experience are to be regarded as accurately or very nearly true,
notwithstanding any contrary hypotheses that may be imagined, and they are
to be so regarded until such time as other phenomena are discovered with
which they are not in accord, thus necessitating their modification.
-- Isaac Newton, ``Rules of Reasoning'', Principia
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Please email any questions, comments, or suggestions to
Professor Bernice Durand, bdurand@theory3.physics.wisc.edu.
Revised September 11, 1997.
Content © 1997, Bernice Durand
Images and layout © 1997, Shane Hamilton
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